Timeline of Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) invasion and eradication in Minnesota

Abstract Palmer amaranth–a fast-growing, challenging-to-control noxious weed that significantly reduces crop yields—was first found in Minnesota September 2016 conservation plantings sown with amaranth contaminated seed mixes. Department of Agriculture (MDA) designated as a Prohibited Noxious Weed 2015 and listed it Seed by emergency order. A genetic test to identify was simultaneously developed multiple laboratories, providing tool limit its spread contaminant seed. companies adopted testing methods for labeling sale, thus reducing introductions via the pathway. Additionally, MDA determined manure on fields from screenings fed livestock resulted new infestations. Limiting these other potential pathways critical successfully impact amaranth. MDA, University (UMN) Extension, Conservation Corps Iowa (CCMI), farmers, partners are working eradicate infestations before they can spread. In 2016, 35 sites were amaranth–contaminated at eight (23%) sites. Management intensive scouting, torching, prescribed burning, herbicide application implemented 2017. By 2018, no any Similar success newer 2019, 2020 achieved using same methods. recorded management activities documented comprehensive timeline Minnesota. This provides story challenges combating eradicating